+ Text Only Site + Non-Flash Version + Contact Glenn This page shows the parts of an airplane and their functions. Airplanes are transportation devices which are designed to move people and cargo from one place to another. Airplanes come in many different shapes and sizes depending on the mission of the aircraft. The airplane shown on this slide is a turbine-powered airliner which has been chosen as a representative aircraft. For any airplane to fly, one must lift the weight of the airplane itself, the fuel, the passengers, and the cargo. The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the air. To generate lift, the airplane must be pushed through the air. The air resists the motion in the form of aerodynamic drag. Modern airliners use winglets on the tips of the wings to reduce drag. The turbine engines, which are located beneath the wings, provide the thrust to overcome drag and push the airplane forward through the air. Smaller, low-speed airplanes use propellers for the propulsion system instead of turbine engines. To control and maneuver the aircraft, smaller wings are located at the tail of the plane. The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece, called the horizontal stabilizer, and a fixed vertical piece, called the vertical stabilizer. The stabilizers' job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight. The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, which is called yaw. The horizontal stabilizer prevents an up-and-down motion of the nose, which is called pitch. (On the Wright brother's first aircraft, the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the wings. Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for "duck"). At the rear of the wings and stabilizers are small moving sections that are attached to the fixed sections by hinges. In the figure, these moving sections are colored brown. Changing the rear portion of a wing will change the amount of force that the wing produces. The ability to change forces gives us a means of controlling and maneuvering the airplane. The hinged part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder; it is used to deflect the tail to the left and right as viewed from the front of the fuselage. The hinged part of the horizontal stabilizer is called the elevator; it is used to deflect the tail up and down. The outboard hinged part of the wing is called the aileron; it is used to roll the wings from side to side. Most airliners can also be rolled from side to side by using the spoilers. Spoilers are small plates that are used to disrupt the flow over the wing and to change the amount of force by decreasing the lift when the spoiler is deployed. The wings have additional hinged, rear sections near the body that are called flaps. Flaps are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of force produced by the wing. On some aircraft, the front part of the wing will also deflect. Slats are used at takeoff and landing to produce additional force. The spoilers are also used during landing to slow the plane down and to counteract the flaps when the aircraft is on the ground. The next time you fly on an airplane, notice how the wing shape changes during takeoff and landing. The fuselage or body of the airplane, holds all the pieces together. The pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. As mentioned above, the aircraft configuration in the figure was chosen only as an example. Individual aircraft may be configured quite differently from this airliner. The Wright Brothers 1903 Flyer had pusher propellers and the elevators at the front of the aircraft. Fighter aircraft often have the jet engines buried inside the fuselage instead of in pods hung beneath the wings. Many fighter aircraft also combine the horizontal stabilizer and elevator into a single stabilator surface. There are many possible aircraft configurations, but any configuration must provide for the four forces needed for flight. Activities: Guided Tours Parts of an Airplane: Control Surfaces: Navigation .. Beginner's Guide Home Page      + Inspector General Hotline + Equal Employment Opportunity Data Posted Pursuant to the No Fear Act + Budgets, Strategic Plans and Accountability Reports + Freedom of Information Act + The President's Management Agenda + NASA Privacy Statement, Disclaimer, and Accessibility Certification     Editor: Tom Benson NASA Official: Tom Benson Last Updated: Jun 12 2014 + Contact Glenn

source-NASA

basics of aeroplane

Parts of an Airplane and Their Functions

The modern aircraft has five basic structural components: fuselage, wings, empennage (tail structures), power plant (propulsion system) and the undercarriage.

Four Forces

The fuselage is the main body structure to which all other components are attached. The fuselage contains the cockpit or flight deck, passenger compartment and cargo compartment. While wings produce most of the lift, the fuselage also produces a little lift. A bulky fuselage can also produce a lot of drag. For this reason, a fuselage is streamlined to decrease the drag. We usually think of a streamlined sports car as being sleek and compact - it does not present a bulky obstacle to the oncoming wind. A streamlined fuselage has the same attributes. It has a sharp or rounded nose with sleek, tapered body so that the air can flow smoothly around it.

The wings are the most important lift-producing part of the aircraft. Wings vary in design depending upon the aircraft type and its purpose. Most airplanes are designed so that the outer tips of the wings are higher than where the wings are attached to the fuselage. This upward angle is called the dihedral and helps keep the airplane from rolling unexpectedly during flight. Wings also carry the fuel for the airplane.

Tail Section Types The empennage or tail assembly provides stability and control for the aircraft. The empennage is composed of two main parts: the vertical stabilizer (fin) to which the rudder is attached; and the horizontal stabilizer to which the elevators are attached. These stabilizers of the airplane help to keep the airplane pointed into the wind. When the tail end of the airplane tries to swing to either side, the wind pushes against the tail surfaces, returning it to its proper place. The rudder and elevators allow the pilot to control the yaw and pitch motion of the airplane, respectively. Various Propeller Configurations Within a piston engine, the pistons can be arranged in four ways: radial, in-line, oppositional and "V." The radial engine has pistons arranged in a circle with the spinning shaft in the middle. These engines were once the most widely used aircraft engine. They never found much favor outside of aviation and are not used in modern aviation. The pistons on an in-line engine are lined up one behind the other along the length of the shaft that turns the propeller. These have been used in many applications including cars. They are not used a great deal in aircraft, as they tend to be long and heavy. Aircraft engines must be as lightweight and compact as possible. The oppositional piston engine is much like the in-line, except that the pistons are mounted in pairs on opposite sides of the shaft. This makes for a much shorter and lighter engine. In-line engines have become very popular in the small airplane market. The "V" engine is much like the oppositional engine, except that the pistons are not parallel to each other. Instead they are slanted in a "V" arrangement. The V8 engine is perhaps the most well known engine as it has been used to power millions of automobiles. The V8 is rarely used in airplanes as they tend to be heavier than the oppositional engines.

A 2-bladed propeller from a Beagle Pup	A 3-bladed propeller from a Me-109G	A 4-bladed propeller from a B-29	An 8-bladed contrarotating propeller from an Antonov AN-22

Piston engines drive a spinning shaft. The propeller is attached to that shaft. At least two (but usually three or four) blades make up the propeller. The more blades, the more air that can be moved by the propeller. A blade has an airfoil shape which generates lift as the blade slices through the air. Because the propeller is pointed forward the force generated is in a forward direction - that is, it thrusts the airplane forward.

The undercarriage or landing gear consists of struts, wheels and brakes. The landing gear can be fixed in place or retractable. Many small airplanes have fixed landing gear which increases drag, but keeps the airplane lightweight. Larger, faster and more complex aircraft have retractable landing gear that can accommodate the increased weight. The advantage to retractable landing gear is that the drag is greatly reduced when the gear is retracted. When flying on a commercial airliner you will notice that the pilot retracts the landing gear very soon after the airplane leaves the ground. This helps to decrease drag as the airplane ascends.

The power plant is simply the propulsion system and consists of the engines. The sole purpose of the engines is to provide thrust for the airplane. There are many different types of aircraft engines including: piston, turboprop, turbojet and turbofan. Turbojet and turbofan are jet engines. Some aircraft, notably gliders, do not have an engine. To take off they must have another source of thrust - that is, the tow-plane which pulls them into the air.

Jet Propulsion and Jet Engines

Jet propulsion is similar to the release of an inflated balloon. The pressure inside the balloon is pushing in all directions. It is also "jetting" out from the mouth of the balloon. The end of the balloon opposite to the mouth is not open. This creates an imbalance and causes the balloon to move in the direction away from the open mouth. Jet engines work in a similar fashion.

There are several types of jet engine: ramjet, pulsejet, turbojet, turbofan. The last two are the most widely used.

The ramjet is as simple a jet engine as can be found. Air enters the inlet and is compressed. This raises the pressure of the air. As the air arrives at the combustion chamber, fuel is added and an electric spark is generated. This causes a controlled explosion that raises the temperature and the pressure of the air tremendously. The hot, high-pressure air "jets" out the nozzle of the engine providing the forward thrust. This seems so simple, why would anyone want a more complex engine? The weakness of this engine is that the air coming in the inlet must be traveling at a very high speed (supersonic) for good efficiency. A ramjet does not work well at low speeds. This is simply not practical for most flying situations.

The pulse jet solves the problem of requiring supersonic speeds. It works well at a lower speed and with a little help, can get started when it is standing still. It is much like the ramjet, except that it has doors that close the inlet. When the doors are open, the air flows in and is compressed. The doors then close, forming a chamber in which the fuel is ignited. The hot, high-pressure gas then "jets" out the exhaust nozzle. The cycle of air in, doors closed, air out, then repeat, is where this engine gets its name. Pulse jets are not widely used for two reasons. They are very noisy and inefficient. They are the gas guzzlers of the aviation world.

The turbojet was the first really useful jet engine to be built. The air flows into the engine through the inlet. The design of the inlet makes the air slow down and also raises the pressure. The air then goes through the compressor where sets of blades compress the air even more, greatly raising the pressure. The air then enters the combustion chamber where the fuel is added and ignited. The very hot, high-pressure air rushes past the turbine blades making them spin very fast. The turbine blades are connected back to the compressor blades by a shaft. The turbine blades take some of the energy from the air and returns it to the compressor. The hot, high pressure air that gets past the turbine, "jets" out the exhaust nozzle thrusting the engine forward.

To increase the thrust available, a device called an afterburner is sometimes built into the engine. Fuel is dumped into the hot exhaust gas exiting the nozzle causing another controlled explosion. This makes the air even hotter which adds more energy to it, thereby increasing the thrust. This is not an efficient thing to do however, and is only done for brief periods when extra thrust is needed, for example, on takeoff or when a burst of speed is needed during a dog fight, or when an extra push is needed to reach supersonic speed. You may have seen movies with high performance jets, like the F-14. If you watch one of these jets from the back, and the pilot turns on the afterburners you will hear a burst of noise and see an orange glow around the outlet of the engines. The airplane will then shoot up into the sky.

The turbofan is a refinement to the turbojet that results in a more efficient engine. A large set of fan blades is set right in the front of the inlet. The fan works much like a propeller, thrusting the engine forward, pushing a large amount of air backwards. As the air is pushed back by the fan some of it goes into the engine and some bypasses the engine. The engine that sits behind the fan is basically a turbojet. The air that goes into this engine receives the same treatment as air that goes through the turbojet. The turbine in a turbofan drives the fan as well as the compressor. The air that "jets" out the back of this engine has less thrust than air that exits a turbojet, but that decrease in thrust is made up for by the thrust generated by the fan. A turbofan engine actually is more efficient than a turbojet and is quieter as well. Afterburners can be fitted to a turbofan if required.

The turboprop engine is essentially a turbofan engine where the fan is replaced by a propeller. The propeller is placed outside of the inlet. A gearbox is introduced which controls the spinning of the shaft, enabling speed control for the propeller. This is the most efficient means of propulsion, however it is limited in forward speed. Because the propeller is out in the free stream air, not mounted in the inlet (where the air speed is reduced) the propeller has to rotate at faster speeds. The speed of the propeller approaches the speed of sound well before the airplane itself. As the airplane approaches the speed of sound, drag greatly increases. So the speed of the airplane must be kept well below the speed of sound to prevent the tips of the propeller from going too fast.
If you want to fly at moderate speeds efficiently, then turboprops are a good choice. If you want to fly fast, but subsonically, then turbofans are a good choice. If you want to fly supersonically then a turbofan with afterburner is a good idea. If you want to fly slowly and only have a small budget or a small airplane, then a piston engine is a good choice.

On March 23, 2004, NASA's X-43A streaked through the sky above the Pacific Ocean at Mach 6.83. This test flight earned the unmanned test aircraft the world record for the fastest speed attained by an aircraft with an air-breathing engine. It flew more than twice as fast as the SR-71, the fastest air-breathing manned vehicle to date. In the past, only aircraft powered by rocket engines could reach these kinds of high velocities. The X-43A achieved its record through the first free-flight use of a scramjet engine. Conventional jet engines combine air and fuel in a combustion chamber featuring subsonic airflow. But the scramjet engine features supersonic airflow throughout the engine. While scramjets can deliver rocket-like speeds, the fact that they use oxygen from the atmosphere rather than carrying a heavy oxygen tank gives scramjets potential advantages over rockets in terms of payload capacity and flight duration. The scramjet aboard the X-43A is designed to take the aircraft to or beyond Mach 10.

The X-43A is the prototype for what could be a new generation of ultra-fast jet aircraft. It was part of the Hyper-X hypersonic flight research program that was conducted by NASA’s Langley Research Center and Dryden Flight Research Center. In the test configuration, the X-43A was released from a Pegasus rocket at an altitude of 29,000 meters. 

                                       source-http://virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov/aeronautics/4.html

                                                  -

+91-966-7571-966 ( Give us a missed call, we will call you back. )

About ALLEN

Photo GalleryVideo Gallery Media Coverage Associate with Us

• Home
• About Tallentex
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
• Test Centers
• Downloads
• Contact
  • 
    
• Apply Now

TALLENTEX 2015 (PRE) & (MAIN) DATES, SELECTION & TEST FORMAT

Two Stage Test : TALLENTEX (PRE) & TALLENTEX (MAIN)

TALLENTEX (PRE) Dates : For All Registered Students
S Chandrasekhar, HG Khorana & HJ Bhabha Zones	SUNDAY, 28th September, 2014	Click Here to know Your Zone
SS Abhyankar, Chanakya, JC Bose & Ramanujan Zones	SUNDAY, 12th October, 2014
TALLENTEX (MAIN) Date : Only for TALLENTEX (PRE) Qualified Students
All Zones: 16 November 2014.

Qualification Criteria for TALLENTEX (MAIN)

Based on Result of TALLENTEX (PRE)
For Class V to VIII	Either in All India Top 500 or Top 3 in own city
For Class IX & X	Either in All India Top 1000 or Top 10 in own city
For Class XI* & XII*	Either in All India Top 1000 or Top 10 in own city
* Each for Maths & Biology Stream

Head	Details
Registration Fee	D 200/-. Payable by DD (In favour of 'ALLEN Career Institute' payable at Kota) / Cash / Online
Registration last date	Mode FOR 28th September, 2014 FOR 12th October, 2014 By hand: 18 September, 2014 02 October, 2014 By Post: 15 September, 2014 30 September, 2014
How to Register for TALLENTEX (PRE)	Fill online FORM by Click Here and pay also online
	Fill online FORM by Click Here, download & print and send with DD of D 200/- to “TALLENTEX CELL” by post. Note: DDs received by post after last date will neither be accepted nor returned
	Purchase FORM from any ALLEN Center, fill-in and deposit
	Purchase FORM from your school if it has agreed for TALLENTEX registration, fill-in and deposit
Registration update	Will be sent by SMS to mobile no. submitted by applicant & can also be checked by Click Here
Admit Card	Download from www.tallentex.com 7 days before test OR Collect from any ALLEN Center OR Collect from your school if FORM deposited in school
Compulsory at Test Center	TALLENTEX admit card and Original School Photo ID or School Mark Sheet
Zone	Click here to check your Zone
Reporting Time	Atleast 30 minutes prior to Test Time printed on admit card.
Exam Paper Pattern (Both PRE & MAIN)	Class V to IX - Part-I : IQ, Part II : Physics; Chemistry; Biology; Maths Class X, XI & XII- Part-I : IQ, Part II : Physics; Chemistry; Biology/Maths (Students attempt either Biology or Maths)
Syllabus	Part-I: IQ does not have a syllabus. It comprises questions on logic & mental ability Part-II: NCERT syllabus. Click Here for Details
No. Of Questions	Part-I : 20 | Part-II : 60 . Sample test available at website only after paid registration
Medium of Exam	English Only
Duration of Paper	2 Hours. It is Compulsory to take seat in exam hall atleast 30 minutes before test to fill in OMR.
Question pattern	OMR based MCQs with 4 choices (single correct answer with negative marking) +4 for each correct answer and -1 for each wrong answer
Question Distribution (Part-II)	Click Here for Details
Result	TALLENTEX (PRE): 27 October 2014 TALLENTEX (MAIN): Up to last Week of November 2014. (At www.tallentex.com and to be sent by SMS)
Success Power Session	Second Half of December 2014 at Kota (For National top 50 of each class)
Award AIR 51 and above as applicable respective category	(1) If awarded student is from city where ALLEN center is present then award will be given in any of Open Session conducted at ALLEN Center
	(2) Award of rest of the students will be sent by post

"TALLENTEX COORDINATION CELL"
ALLEN Career Institute,
"Sankalp" CP-6, Indra Vihar, Kota (324005) RAJASTHAN
PHONE : +91-744-5-162-162 (10.00 am to 7.00 pm) | E-MAIL : contact@tallentex.com

Syllabus of TALLENTEX

+91-966-7571-966 ( Give us a missed call, we will call you back. )

About ALLEN

Photo GalleryVideo Gallery Media Coverage Associate with Us

• Home
• About Tallentex
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
• Test Centers
• Downloads
• Contact
  • 
    
• Apply Now

Pattern & Syllabus of TALLENTEX 2015

Pattern of TALLENTEX

Item	Details
Time Duration	2:30 Hrs Note that the paper duration is 2:00 hours and Initial 30 Minutes are given to fill all important information in the Response Sheet and to read all instructions given on Paper
Exam Paper Pattern	Paper-I : IQ
	Paper II : Physics/Chemistry/Biology/Maths
Syllabus	Paper-I: IQ does not have a syllabus. It comprises questions on application of logic & mental ability.
	Paper-II: NCERT syllabus as mentioned below
Question pattern	MCQs with 4 choices (single correct answer with negative marking)
No. Of Questions	Paper-I : 20
	Paper-II: 60
Paper Pattern (Part-II)	Students of Class – V, VI & VII (Going to Class-VI, VII & VIII in 2015) Physics: 12 ,Chemistry: 11, Biology : 12, Maths : 25
	Students of Class – VIII & IX (Going to Class-IX & X in 2015) Physics: 10 ,Chemistry: 10, Biology : 20, Maths : 20
	Students of Class – X, XI (Going to Class-XI & XII in 2015) & XII Compulsory subjects - Physics: 20 ,Chemistry: 20 Optional Subjects - Biology : 20 / Maths : 20 (In Paper II students need to attempt any one of the Optional Subject section)
Marking Scheme	+4 for each correct answer and -1 for each wrong answer Total Marks – 320 for all Classes

Syllabus of TALLENTEX

Class V
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
How things move – force & work Simple Machines Our Universe	Rock & Minerals Natural Resources	Health & Disease Animals & their life style Food & Health	Fractions Decimals Angles Triangles, Area & Perimeter
Class VI
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
Motion and Measurement of Distances Light, Shadows and Reflections Electric Circuits and Magnetisms	Sorting Materials into Groups Separation of Substances Changes around us	Food and Nutrition Living Organisms and their surroundings Fibre to Fabric	Number System Integer, Fraction & Decimals Basic Geometry Understanding Elementary Shapes
Class VII
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
Motion and Time Heat Light	Acids, Bases & Salts Physical and Chemical Changes Separation of Mixtures	Nutrition in Plants and Animals Natural Fibres and Fabrics Living Organisms and their surroundings	Integers Fractions and Decimal Numbers Simple Equations Lines & Angles Triangles & Properties and Congruence of Triangles
Class VIII
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
Motion Force & Pressure Sound Light	Acids and Bases Physical and Chemical Changes Metals and Non Metals	Microorganisms Cell – Structure & Functions Nutrition in Plants and Animals	Rational Numbers Exponent and Powers Squares and Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots Linear Equation in one variable Understanding Quadrilaterals and Constructions Mensuration
Class IX
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
Kinematics Motion, Force and Pressure Work, Energy and Power Gravitation Sound	All About Matter Mixtures Materials Metals and Non-metals	Cell and Cell Division Tissues Microorganism Technology in Food Production Diversity in Living Organisms	Number System and Number Sense Lines, Angles and Triangles Area of Plane Figures & Solid Shapes Volume of Solids Linear Equations in One variable Mensuration Ratio, proportion and percentage Direct & Inverse Proportion Exponents and Powers
Class X
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
Electric Circuits Magnetism Sound Kinematics Force and Motion Work, Energy and Power	Acids, Bases and Salts Metals All About Matter & Materials Compounds Mixtures Chemical Calculations	Life Processes Control and Coordination Cell Division Tissues Diversity in Living Organisms Biogeochemical Cycles Human Influences on Environment and Repair	Real Numbers and Polynomials Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Quadratic Equations Similar Triangles Trigonometry and its Applications Number system and Number Sense Lines, Angles, Triangles Area of Plane Figures and Solid Shapes Volume of Solids Coordinate Geometry Quadrilaterals and Area of Parallelograms and Triangles Circles Basic Trigonometry
Class XI
Physics	Chemistry	Biology (for Aspirants of Pre-Medical)	Maths (For Aspirants of JEE)
Physical World and Measurement Kinematics Laws of Motion Work, Energy and Power Motion of System of Particles Rigid Body Dynamics	Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry Structure of Atom Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure States of Matter : Gases and Liquids	Biodiversity Diversity in Plants and Fungi Structural Organization in Plants Diversity in Animals Biomolecules	Sequence and Series Linear and Quadratic Inequalities Quadratic Equations Complex Numbers Trigonometric Functions Straight Lines Circles
Class XII
Physics	Chemistry	Biology (for Aspirants of Pre-Medical)	Maths (For Aspirants of JEE)
Electrostatics (Including Capacitance) Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents Kinematics & Laws of Motion Work, Energy and Power System of Particles & Conservation of Momentum Rigid Body Dynamics Heat, KTG & Thermodynamics	Solid  State Solutions Electrochemistry s-Block & p-Block Elements GOC & Isomerism Hydrocarbons & Alkyle Halides Alchols, Phenols and Ethers Stoichiometry Structure of Atom Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure States of Matter : Gases and Liquids Redox Reactions Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium Thermodynamics	Biodiversity Diversity in Plants and Fungi Structural  Organization in Plants Diversity in Animals Biomolecules Study of Cell-Tools and Techniques Structure and Functions of a Cell & Cell Cycle Photosynthesis in Plants Mineral Nutrition and Transport in Plants Cellular Respiration Structural Organization in Animals Nutrition, Digestion and Absorption Circulation and Exchange of Gases Osmoregulation and Excretion Movement and Locomotion Plant Development and Reproduction Animal Development and Reproduction Heredity and Variation Molecular Basis of Inheritance Evolution Statics and Dynamics of an Ecosystem Statics and Dynamics of Organisms and Population	Sets, Relations and Functions Limits, Continuity and Differentiability Application of Derivatives Sequence and Series Linear and Quadratic Inequalities Quadratic Equations Complex Numbers Trigonometric Functions Straight Lines Conic Sections Probability

"TALLENTEX COORDINATION CELL"
ALLEN Career Institute,
"Sankalp" CP-6, Indra Vihar, Kota (324005) RAJASTHAN
PHONE : +91-744-5-162-162 (10.00 am to 7.00 pm) | E-MAIL : contact@tallentex.com

tallentex 2014-2015 syllabus

Class X
Physics	Chemistry	Biology	Maths
Electric Circuits Magnetism Sound Kinematics Force and Motion Work, Energy and Power	Acids, Bases and Salts Metals All About Matter & Materials Compounds Mixtures Chemical Calculations	Life Processes Control and Coordination Cell Division Tissues Diversity in Living Organisms Biogeochemical Cycles Human Influences on Environment and Repair	Real Numbers and Polynomials Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables Quadratic Equations Similar Triangles Trigonometry and its Applications Number system and Number Sense Lines, Angles, Triangles Area of Plane Figures and Solid Shapes Volume of Solids Coordinate Geometry Quadrilaterals and Area of Parallelograms and Triangles Circles Basic Trigonometry

This morning as I walked along the lakeshore, I fell in love with a wren and later in the day with a mouse the cat had dropped under the dining room table. In the shadows of an autumn evening, I fell for a seamstress still at her machine in the tailor’s window, and later for a bowl of broth, steam rising like smoke from a naval battle. This is the best kind of love, I thought, without recompense, without gifts, or unkind words, without suspicion, or silence on the telephone. The love of the chestnut, the jazz cap and one hand on the wheel. No lust, no slam of the door – the love of the miniature orange tree, the clean white shirt, the hot evening shower, the highway that cuts across Florida. No waiting, no huffiness, or rancor – just a twinge every now and then for the wren who had built her nest on a low branch overhanging the water and for the dead mouse, still dressed in its light brown suit. But my heart is always propped up in a field on its tripod, ready for the next arrow. After I carried the mouse by the tail to a pile of leaves in the woods, I found myself standing at the bathroom sink gazing down affectionately at the soap, so patient and soluble, so at home in its pale green soap dish. I could feel myself falling again as I felt its turning in my wet hands and caught the scent of lavender and stone. - Billy Collins

Please open! Www.Brj2014.Wordpress.Com